Measurement of Forces and Torques during Non Homogeneous Material Drilling Operation

The purpose of this study is to measure the forces and toques that produce in the drilling process of non-homogenous material (bone). An automated five degree of freedom CRS CataLyst-5  robot used during the drilling process together with the six degree freedom of force toque sensor.  A force torque controller that built in Matlab Simulink environment is used to control the drilling process of the robot. Different feed rate will be used during the experimental of the drilling process. The sensors will be calibrated and will measure the tri axial direction of resultant forces and torques. The profiles of the forces and torques graphs that obtained are non-linear since the diversity of density of bone

Cheese tart press machine

Tart is a type of baked open-pastry which consists of a shortcrust pastry and a filling over it (Figure 9.1). Shortcrust pastry often used as the base for the tart. The filling may be usually something sweet and savory poured onto the crust, though modern tarts are usually fruit-based, sometimes with custard. In the production of tart, its crust is the main part. In the process of making tart crust, the dough must first be pressed to get the desired shape and size

A kinematic concept for robotic assisted dental rehabilitation / Muhammad Azmi Ayub... [et al.]

The current technique of dental rehabilitation relies largely on the qualitative perception of the dentist in the relocation and reorientation of the teeth. Furthermore, the patient does not have the final visual appearance of the teeth after the procedure. In this project, we plan to address this issue by ultimately developing a concept of robotic assistant dental rehabilitation. The key elements in the concept consist of cone-beam computed tomography machine (CBCT), image processing algorithm and a robot manipulator system, which will function as an integrated unit to aid and guide the dentist in the diagnosis and treatment procedures. The aim of this paper is to show the kinematics concept that relates the dental configuration system with the dental operatory. A homogeneous transformation matrix that relates the key elements of translation and rotation in the robotic work cell concept is developed. From this matrix, the positions and orientations of any tooth can be determined. The relationship between any arbitrary points relative to a tooth frame can also be defined. The formulation of kinematics model for the robotic work cell is discussed. This new model will aid the dentist in the exploration, manipulation and reconfiguration in the dental rehabilitation

The role of business grant assistance, micro saving and financial knowledge towards Bumiputera SME business performance in Sabah

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of business grant, micro saving, and financial knowledge towards Bumiputera SME business performance in Sabah. This paper analyses the Bumiputera SME performance by examining three determinants, namely business grant assistance, micro saving and financial knowledge. Total number of 187 questionnaires distributed and 96 were returned. The respondents were selected from TERAJU (Sabah) SMEs directory database and respondents were those who have been assisted and supported by TERAJU programs. The data collected and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS 26) and SmartPLS 3.0. The study confirms that there are significant positive relationships between micro saving towards Bumiputera SME performance in Sabah. However, the study also found that there are no significant relationships between financing knowledge and business grant assistance towards Bumiputera SME business performance in Sabah. The finding of this study has useful implication to help strengthen the provision of government business support to Bumiputera SME in Sabah. It will provide new framework for future study on SMEs business performance looking at the SMEs business support ecosystem in Sabah

Renewable energy from biogas generated by sewage sludge – relationship between sludge volume and power generated / Suzana Ramli ... [et al.]

Biogas is a product of decomposition of organic matter during the process of anaerobic digestion (AD). The main components are methane and carbon dioxide. The methane content in the biogas enables it to be used as fuel which can be converted to heat and electricity. The biogas generated by the anaerobic digesters has the potential to be redirected from the flaring facilities to renewable energy (RE) facilities. The biogas may then be used to generate electricity, which in turn can operate the sewage treatment plant (STP) itself. However, feedbacks from the sewerage industry indicated that heavy investments are needed for any RE initiatives on biogas generated by sewage sludge. In order to find the cost effective way of generating energy from biogas, fundamental relationships are necessary to enable development of prototype in the future. Thus, this paper presents a study to establish the relationship between the volume of sludge and the amount of power and energy that can be generated

Experimental and numerical studies of porous media combustion in micro burner

Porous media combustion has been key point of interest for researchers from past couple of decades due its numerous advantages, such as remarkable low emission levels without compromising thermal efficiency. In this present work, dual layered micro burner was built with predefined thickness of reaction and preheat layer. Reaction layer was made up of alumina (discrete type) while preheat layer porcelain (foam type) material. Burner was successfully built to undergo both surface and submerged flames. A concept of equivalences ratio was enabled since its premixed combustion with natural air as one of the inlet along with butane. Trials were not just restricted at stoichiometric ratio but also carried out up to ultra-lean region. Additionally, numerical simulation was performed using commercially available computational fluid dynamics package so that porous media combustion phenomenon can be better analyzed and predicted. Finally, Thermal efficiency was calculated at critical equivalence ratios and emission parameters such as NOx and CO was continuously monitored which were under controlled limits

The role of financial knowledge on life insurance and family Takaful awareness

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of business grant, micro saving, and financial knowledge towards Bumiputera SME business performance in Sabah. This paper analyses the Bumiputera SME performance by examining three determinants, namely business grant assistance, micro saving and financial knowledge. Total number of 187 questionnaires distributed and 96 were returned. The respondents were selected from TERAJU (Sabah) SMEs directory database and respondents were those who have been assisted and supported by TERAJU programs. The data collected and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS 26) and SmartPLS 3.0. The study confirms that there are significant positive relationships between micro saving towards Bumiputera SME performance in Sabah. However, the study also found that there are no significant relationships between financing knowledge and business grant assistance towards Bumiputera SME business performance in Sabah. The finding of this study has useful implication to help strengthen the provision of government business support to Bumiputera SME in Sabah. It will provide new framework for future study on SMEs business performance looking at the SMEs business support ecosystem in Sabah

Identification of oil palm root-specific genes through mining of RNA-Seq data and RT-qPCR analysis

Identification of novel genes that are specifically expressed in root is essential for isolation and characterisation of root-specific promoters. Mining the transcriptome of various oil palm tissue-specific data generated from ribonucleic acid-sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology has enabled the discovery of root-specific genes. A total of seven candidates of root-specifically or preferentially expressed genes were selected from RNA-Seq analysis, and the gene expression profiles were validated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The relative fold change of transcript expression in RT-qPCR was statistically analysed by comparing with root tissues at the in vitro culture stage (RS1). Results showed that the transcript annotated as an oil palm metallothionine (EgMT) gene was significantly upregulated at around 7 to 170-fold across the different developmental stages of root tissues. A proline-rich protein (EgPRP1) transcript was also significantly upregulated by about 7 to 55-fold. Both EgMT and EgPRP1 transcripts had relatively low expressions in the other tissues studied. The high levels of expression of EgMT and EgPRP1 in roots highlighted the genes’ promoter’s potential to regulate a strong expression level of transgenes in a root-specific manner